http://www.nondot.org/sabre/os/articles

The Operating System Resource Center has plenty of technical informations about both hardware specs (8259, 8042, ATA bus, etc) and software conventions (BIOS bootstrap format, etc).

Software

The Boot Process

Boot sectors, bootable CD-ROMs, examples..

Partitions

Partition Table Layout, Partition IDs..

File Systems

EXT/[23], Reiser, Joliet, FAT32, HPFS..

Memory Management

EMS, XMS + Techniques..

Protected Mode

VCPI, DPMI, GEMMIS, VDS, VOODOO, etc..

Executable File Formats

.com, .exe, .lib, .obj, a.out, ELF, LE, PE..

Plug'n'Play Specs

BIOS, Serial, Parrellel, ISA, Firewire..

Device Driver Interfaces

Uniform Driver Interface, linux drivers..

Miscellaneous Software

OS FAQ, overall design, VM design, threads..

Hardware

Processor Architecture

IA64, MMX, 3D-Now!, KNI, copro, optimization..

Interconnect Buses

ATA-2,3, Floppy, PCI, AGP, USB, SCSI, FC-AL..

Disk and Disc Drives

Floppys, Hard Drive Ports, CHS, CD-ROM..

Human Interface Devices

Keyboard, Mouse, Joystick, Gamepad..

Sound Devices

SB, SB16, GUS, PAS, PC-Speaker, MIDI, OPL..

Communication Devices

Serial, Parallel [SPP, EPP, ECP]..

Networking Devices

NE2000..

Miscellaneous Devices

PIC, PIT, DMA, RTC, ..

Other Hardware

Legos, ATX, NetPC's..